Written transcripts and audio CDs are available for each of these interviews and can be sent to you upon request. Please call 919-383-8939 or e-mail us for further information.
AAPA President Talks: Tapes include talks by Bill Stanhope (1968-71), John McQueary (1971-72), Tom Godkins (1971-72), Paul Moson (1973-74), Carl Fasser (1974-75), Tom Godkins (1975-76), Roger Whittaker (1976-77) and Dan Fox (1977-78).
Kathleen Andreoli, DSN, FAAN: Dr. Andreoli, a nursing educator, was asked by Dr. Stead to help design and implement the original curriculum for PA students at Duke University and to promote the PA concept to nurses in the late 1960s and early 1970's.
Martha Ballenger: Ms. Ballenger graduated law school in 1969 and was hired by Dr. Harvey Estes, Jr. with grant support to coordinate efforts to determine how best to legally accommodate PAs into the American Health Care System. She was director of legal research from 1970 to 1971 and played a key role in the development of model legislation.
Earl Echard: Earl Echard is a 1973 graduate of the Duke University PA Program. Earl was a founding member of the NCAPA and along with John Davis, Joyce Nichols and Steve Turnipseed, help establish the AAPA’s first minority affairs committee. Since graduation, Earl has worked with disadvantaged patients in homeless shelters, housing projects and prisons. He has received numerous awards for his professional and clinical activities.
E. Harvey Estes, Jr.: Dr. Estes was the first chairman of the Department of Community Health Sciences established at DUMC in 1969. He inherited the PA Program and was instrumental in “selling” the concept to MDs and RNs in North Carolina. He played a key role in coordinating efforts to draft model legislation and having legislation enacted in North Carolina. Dr. Estes wrote articles, chaired various health professional committees, and testified to various national and state regulatory bodies to promote the acceptance of PAs into the health care system.
E. Carl Fasser: Carl Fasser graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1969. After graduation, he joined the PA faculty as education coordinator and remained in that position until 1971 when he left to help establish the Baylor University PA Program in Houston, Texas. Carl is a founding member of both the AAPA and TAPA. He has served as president of the AAPA twice in 1974-75 and 1980-81, the Association of Physician Assistant Programs, and TAPA. Over three decades, Carl has received numerous awards recognizing his contributions to PA education and the profession, and has published extensively on various aspects of PA practice.
Victor Germino: Mr. Germino graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1967 and thus has the distinction of being one of the three first PA graduates in the country. He was working at Duke at the time he was selected for the program. After graduation, he remained at Duke in the Department of Medicine.
Thomas Godkins: Mr. Godkins graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1969. He was working in the CCU at Duke at the time of his enrollment in the program. After graduation, he became one of the first students to leave the working environment of Duke taking a job at the Mayo Clinic in the department of internal medicine/cardiology and later in Mayo Clinic’s first satellite clinic in Plain View, MN. In 1972, he helped Bill Stanhope establish the Oklahoma PA Program, Oklahoma City, OK and was president of the AAPA twice in 1972-73 and 1975-76.
Prentiss Harrison: Mr. Harrison graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1968 and has the distinction of being the first African American to be formally educated as a physician assistant. He worked at Duke at the time of his enrollment in the program. His first job was in the Department of Neonatology at Duke.
- Excerpt 1
Mr. Harrison talks about one of his experinces as an African American PA during a time of segregation.
- Excerpt 2
Mr. Harrison talks about what it was like to set up a health clinic in a remote native Alaskan village.
Robert (Bob) Howard: Dr. Howard was the first full-time medical and program director of the Duke PA Program hired by Dr. Harvey Estes, Jr., Chair of the Department of Community Health Sciences. He served in this capacity from 1969 to 1972.
David Lewis: Dr. Lewis was hired by Dr. Robert Howard as Director of Education and later became the Associate Director of the Duke PA Program. He served in this capacity from 1969 to 1972.
Jim Mau: Mr. Mau was chief administrator for the department of medicine at Duke University Medical Center when Dr. Stead established the PA Program. He administered the program until it moved into the Department of Community Health Sciences, chaired by Dr. Harvey Estes, Jr. when Dr. Stead stepped down as chair of the department of medicine in 1967.
John McQueary: Mr. McQueary graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1968 and in 1970 joined the PA Program faculty as an educational assistant and later as assistant director of the program (1973-77). He also served as president of the AAPA from 1971-72.
Joyce Nichols: Ms. Nichols graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1970 and has the distinction of being the first female (and African American female) to be formally educated as a physician assistant. She worked at Duke as a LPN at the time of her enrollment in the program. Her first job was in the Department of Community and Family Medicine at Duke working part-time in a rural satellite clinic and part-time in student health. She helped write the bylaws for the AAPA and was instrumental in establishing AAPA’s minority affairs committee.
Richard (Dick) Rosen: After becoming the head of surgery at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, NY in 1967, Dr. Marvin Gliedman appointed Dr. Rosen as his second in command. In 1971, Dr. Rosen was sent to Duke University to hire several PA graduates to work in surgery at Montefiore Hospital to determine if they could assume responsibilities performed by surgical house staff. Based upon their successful use of PAs, Dr. Rosen helped launch the countries first postgraduate surgical residency program for PAs at Montfiore Hospital in 1973. He was an advisor to AAPA in its formative years and wrote articles and delivered papers at surgical conferences to promote the professional development and use of PAs in surgery.
Alfred (Fred) Sadler, Jr.: Dr. Sadler became interested in the legality of using non-physician health physician assistants while working on a project with his twin brother, Blair, at the National Institutes of Health. He helped establish and was the director of the Yale University PA Program from 1970-1973. He was the first president of the APAP and was an advisor to the NBME in preparation of the first certifying examination for PAs. Dr. Sadler co-authored one of the first books about PAs titled “The Physician’s Assistant: Today and Tomorrow.”
William (Bill) Stanhope: Bill Stanhope graduated from the Duke PA Program in 1968. He is the founding president of the AAPA, 1968-1970. After graduation, Bill went to Alderson Broaddus College in WV to help develop a four-year, baccalaureate PA Program and then was recruited to Oklahoma University to establish a PA Program in 1970. Mr. Stanhope was a Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellow at the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Science in 1978-79. He has served on many boards, commissions and policy-making bodies exploring the use of physician assistants in a variety of practice settings.
Eugene Stead, Jr., MD: Dr. Stead founded the PA Program and Concept at Duke University in the mid-1960s and was instrumental in promoting the concept to the AMA and other medical professional organizations. He also won the support of major foundations and federal agencies necessary to the survival of the PA concept and profession.
